The Effect of In-Game Cervical Exercises on Shoulder Interna…

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The Effect of In-Game Cervical Exercises on Shoulder Internal Rotation Range of Motion and External Rotator Strength in Baseball Pitchers

Article 2026 EN Diamond

Background: Consensus is lacking regarding the underlying cause of two prevalent risk factors for shoulder and elbow pain in overhead throwing athletes: loss of shoulder internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM) and strength of the external rotators (ER). Consideration of cervical spine contribution may have important implications for rehabilitation and coaching of overhead throwers. Purpose: T…

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UN Sustainable Development Goals
1 SDGs
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3 authors
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1 Vincent Ceasrine Corresponding — —
2 Christine Ferraro — —
3 Jason K. Grimes Sacred Heart University (US)

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