Atmospheric Boundary Layer Modeling for Wind Energy: Assessing the Impacts of Complex Terrain and Thermally Stratified Turbulence on Wind Turbine Performance

Wind energy is the leading renewable technology in the U.S., generating over 10% of utility-scale electricity in recent years. Rapid growth in wind energy installations has made modeling and prediction of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) wind speeds and the associated turbulence critical for wind turbine siting, resource assessment, and operational power forecasting. A number of modeling challenge…