Characteristics of low temperature and low oxygen diesel combustion with ultra-high exhaust gas recirculation

Ultra-low NO x and smokeless operation at higher loads up to half of the rated torque is attempted with large rates of cold exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). NO x decreases below 6 ppm (0.05 g/kW h) and soot significantly increases when first decreasing the oxygen concentration to 16 per cent with cold EGR. However, after peaking at 12–14 per cent oxygen, soot then decreases sharply to essentially…